The reading of the ammeter Essay Example

The reading of the ammeter Paper To find out how the length of a wire affects its resistance. Introduction- Metal is a good conductor of electricity. This is because their atoms contain small negatively charged particles called electrons. Some of these electrons are not fully attached to their atoms. This means that they can be easily detached and made to flow through the metal. This creates a current. If a wire has a low resistance, then more current will flow through the wire easily. Before the electric current was fully understood, people thought that the current flowed from the positive to the negative. This is opposite to the flow of electrons and is now know as the conventional current. An electrical current is a flow of an electric charge, so the amount of charge is will depend on the strength of the current. This is measured in Coulombs. The equation for this is: Charge= Current x Time Q = I x T Coulombs= Amperes x Seconds Factors affecting resistance Thickness- There are some factors that affect the resistance of a wire. The first of these things is the thickness of the wire. A thicker wire will have less resistance than a thin wire, because there are more paths for the electrons to flow through. We will write a custom essay sample on The reading of the ammeter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The reading of the ammeter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The reading of the ammeter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The easier that it is for electrons to pass through a wire, the lower its resistance is. Material- The material a wire is made from can also have an affect on the amount of Resistance it will have. Some wires may contain more atoms than other materials. This would mean that there would be an increase in the amount of collisions between the atoms and electrons. This would mean that there might be a higher resistance. Copper would have a higher resistance than ni-crome, as the ni-crome is a better conductor of electricity that copper. Temperature- The temperature of the wire will also affect the resistance that it has. If the wire has a high temperature, then the atoms in the wire will be vibrating quickly. This will make it harder for electrons to pass through. The more heat that there is, the more resistance that there is also. Ohm investigated how the temperature of a wire can affect its resistance. Ohms law states, If the temperature of a conductor does not alter, then the current which flows through it is proportional to the potential difference applied. The gradient of this line should always be constant. You get this line by- R=I/V Resistance= Current / Voltage Ohms = Amperes / Volts. If my experiment is accurate enough and I control all the factors that affect resistance, then I should get a graph that looks a bit like this. It will have a sloping line with a constant gradient. Length- The length of a wire can also have a large affect on its resistance. A long wire will have more resistance than a short wire. This is because it is easier for electrons to pass through the short wire than through the long wire. This means that there are fewer collisions between the moving atoms in the short wire than the long wire. Therefore there is more current flowing as there is less resistance. Resistance slows down the flow of electrons through the wire. Prediction- I think that the short thick wire will have a larger current flowing through it and therefore, it will have less resistance than a long thin wire. If there is a large current, then there is a low resistance. If there is a low resistance, then there is a large current. If there are more than 6 x 10(18) electrons flowing through it per second, then the current is 1 ampere, giving a lower resistance. Preliminary work- I am going to do some preliminary work. I think that this will help me work out the best way of doing my experiment. I think that it should help me to decided which way is best to measure my results and also how often I will need to measure the wire. I am going to try and take some measurements off the three different thicknesses of wire that are available to me. I am going to use ni-crome wire of the thickness 28swg, 24swg and 22swg. I am going to keep my voltage at 4 volts, so not to burn the wire out. I am going to take the current at 10cm, 50cm and 100cm. Here are my results: Thickness (S. W. G) Length (cm) Current (amps) Resistance (ohms). Plan- Apparatus- For my experiment, I will need the following items: Three 100cm lengths of ni-crome wire.   Power pack. Ammeter.   Meter rule. Crocodile clips.   Wires.   Power supply. Diagram- Safety precautions- As an extra safety precaution, I will not use more than four volts on my wire. If I use more than four volts, then I may burn the wire out. I will also, never put the clips with ten cm of each other. This is because if I put them to close on the wire, the current flowing through them will be to strong and the wire will melt. I will also make sure that I do not touch the wire when the clips are on them. Between the clips, the wire gets very hot and if I touch it, I may burn my self on it. Fair test- To make my experiment fair, I will have to try to control certain things through the experiment. I will need to try to keep the room temperature at a constant level. This will ensure that the atoms do not gain too much energy. I will need to always keep my voltage on four, to ensure that there isnt a different amount of current flowing through the wire. I will also need to try to keep my measurements as accurate as I can. I have decided to measure the wire every two cms. I think that this will be a good amount to use as it should give me a good range of results and there wont be big gaps between them. My result table may look very big, but once I put my results on to a graph, then I should get a detailed graph of my results. I will try to use the same wire each time that I do my experiment. This is because if one wire has been used more than another, then some of the electrons may have been burned out. This would cause a decrease in the resistance. Method-The first thing that I will need to do for my experiment, is to make sure that I have all of my equipment and I have a results table ready to put my results into. Once I am ready to start, I will turn the ammeter to 20m and the voltage on the power box to 4 volts. I will then turn the power on. I will take the first wire, 28swg and place the first crocodile clip at 0cm. I will then take the second clip, and I will place it at 10cm. I will take the reading of the ammeter and write it into my results table. I will then continue to move the clip along the wire, stopping every 2cm. I will carry this on until I reach 100cm.

Under Armor Financial Analysis Essay Example

Under Armor Financial Analysis Essay Example Under Armor Financial Analysis Essay Under Armor Financial Analysis Essay Under Armor Financial Analysis Name: Course: Date: Under Armor Financial Analysis Performance measurement The measurement of performance refers to the various dissimilar statistical measures to assess how efficient a company uses its resources to make revenues. Ordinary examples of parameters used to measure performance include operating income, net asset value and earning before interest. It is significant to point out that no single performance measure should be considered independently. Instead, to reach at a realistic position of the performance a company, an analysis must use different combination of measures. The analysis will assess the cash flow from all business activities in 2011 and the balance sheets for 2011 and 2010. Financial performance Assessing the financial performance of Under Armour will require a prejudiced measure of how well the company uses the assets amassed from its main form of business, and come up with revenues. The term â€Å"financial performance† is also utilized as a universal evaluation of a company’s overall financial wellbeing over a period, and can be applied to evaluate similar companies that operate on the same industry. Without measuring, there is no way that we can realize the trend that the company is taking. The best way to do this evaluation is using financial ratios that are the relationships between two or more financial elements. Through the ratios, a manager can easily determine the level of performance for their company. Company background Under Armour is a group of expansive sports, accessories and clothing stores situated in America. The company deals in the supply of a broad variety of sportswear and informal attire with the focus being on technical sportswear that can serve the needs of career athletes. The Under Armour was established in 1996 when it started selling footwear. The international headquarters of the company are situated in Maryland while the European head office is in Amsterdam. Other subsidiary offices are sited in Guangzhou, Denver, Toronto and Hong Kong. Some of the products developed by Under Amour include AllseasonGear, ColdGear, and StreetGear. The Under Amour products are traded worldwide and are used by sportspeople in different sports from young people to professional players. Measuring the financial performance of Under Amour Company will involve assessing the revenues, financial records and other statistics (Douglas, 2012). Summary Report Under Armor Company implements an accounting cycle that incorporates several activity series that start with a transaction and conclude with closing the books of account. Primarily, this cycle includes several major steps. The cycle begins at the stage of identifying or recognizing a transaction or an event. This step is followed by the preparation of the source document for the transaction such as an invoice or purchase order. Consequently, an analysis and classification of the transaction is carried out. This part serves to quantify the transaction in terms of money value, that is, cents or dollars. Additionally, identification of the account to be credited or debited also occurs at the third stage of the cycle. The cycle then proceeds on to the fourth step, and this involves recording the transaction in an appropriate journal entry such as cash receipt, sales journal, purchase journal and others. These kinds of entries and executed in a chronological sense. The journal entries are hence posted to ledger accounts. It is prudent to understand that the Under Armor employs the steps highlighted above through the whole accounting period since the occurrence of the transactions happen in period batches. The rest of the cycle steps explained below are performed when the accounting period concludes. These steps include the preparation of the trial to certify the equality between the debits and credits. At this part of the cycle, no adjustment of the accounts takes place. If any discrepancy between the accounts is identified, action is taken to sight the posting errors, math errors or recording errors. Finally, the company’s accounting cycle ends with the preparation of the balance sheet and the profit and loss account. Business efficiencies created by solid accounting have to be valued with a view of establishing whether a business, or in this case the company, is enjoying optimum profitability. Since the company is operating in an environment with volatile economic factors, variable costs with frequent fluctuations pose dramatic negative effects on the company’ s product margin. Efficient business performance is dependent on the accuracy of product profitability and cost analysis of raw materials. Recommendations to the company include focusing on the female market whose sales only earn the company about 25% its entire revenue (Reuters, 2012). The company should look to put more focus on this market and maximize its profitability. The company should also look to expand its global sales. More than 90% of the company’s sales come from distribution channels within North America (Reuters, 2012). Companies such as Nike and Adidas have established their market channels throughout the globe. The company should also look to venture into soccer deals as fashion giants like Puma and Nike have. Making this move would allow the company to strengthen its brand. For example, Nike in comparison to Under Armor is very much ahead in terms of operating activities, assets, and income revenue. For example, statistics in 2011 stated that Under Armor raked in over 900,000 million dollars in assets compared to Nike’s 15,000 billion. Net income was 90,000 million and approximately 3 billion dollars for both Armor and Nike respectively. If Under Armor Company is to compete with giants like Nike Company, then they have to shift their focus on capitalizing on their opportunities while mitigating their weaknesses at the same time mitigating their weaknesses. The company should look to anticipate and react to changing preferences of consumers. Additionally, it would be a good idea if the company employs critical sale events. This would function well in boosting customer loyalty. Furthermore, an outline of the company’s financial performance exhibited success and the trend are expected to continue if careful implementation is exercised (Reuter s, 2012). This is true judging by the company’s 27.8 percent growth in revenue from 2010 to 2011. In the same period, the company’s gross revenue grew.

Case Study of the Company Called CASPER Free Sample for Students

The use of the social media and the internet to conduct business activities is growing at an alarming rate. Most companies have websites to help them reach the target audience by connecting them to their social sites which include Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube. Competition has increased globally. But how do firms withstand this challenge? Casper is a privately owned company which is located in the United States, New York City.   The Company conducts most of its business activities online. Casper was launched in 2014 by Philip Krim, Jeff Chapin, Luke Sherwin, Gabriel Flateman and Neil Parikh (Casper, 2017).The firm’s objective was to increase the distribution of mattresses in the US (Weinberg, 2014). To make people aware of the company, it uses a website to carry on its activities. Most of the manufacturing operations take place in Pennsylvania and Georgia. The online business strategy has made Casper be among the companies with high returns inwards in the US. But how is this possible yet several companies run such kind of business online? Through ventures from several firms and people, Casper was able to expand its business activities from the US to include Canada in November 2014. Some of the great individuals who have invested with Casper include celebrities like Leonardo DiCaprio and Adam Levine (Allen, Yaeckel & Allen, 2011).The venture companies include Pritzker Group Venture Capital and Crosslink Partners. Funding from these sources has impacted the company’s gross profits. Currently, Casper is among the most successful companies competing with companies like Norwegian Cruise Ship (NCL) making it in the list of enterprises’ able to make more than one hundred million US dollars ($100 million) in less than two years. The future of the company seems to be great especially with the growing technology. Casper specializes in mattresses. The mattresses consist of hybridized blend of two materials across four single layers. The layers are: Casper makes good use of its business models which entails clients buying mattresses online. Customers make orders, and the mattresses are delivered to them. Casper also has provided its consumers with one type of mattress, therefore, giving the user an easy time to choose. Other companies provide the consumer with several choices which leave them with the difficulty of determining which the best type of mattress to buy is (Watson, 2015). Being objective in the kind of mattress to provide is a very helpful strategy for the company in its operational model. Most people will go for mattresses from Casper simply because they are sure of what type and quality to expect. Nevertheless, the elimination of the middlemen in the distribution channels makes the company’s products affordable to many.   The application of Middlemen in the supply chain increases the cost of the final product in the retail shops. What if we do away with retail stores? Then we will have to buy the mattresse s from the manufacturers who are of course cheaper as compared to buying from retailers (Muehlhausen, 2013). Another strategy employed by the company is through investing in advertising. Most people living in New York City know about the existence of Casper through their adverts which can be located in taxis, posters, and billboards.   Above all, the buying of mattresses online has promoted the organization’s activities. Casper has good strategies which have enabled it to shine in the market. The market competition is very stiff, and there is the need for a company to bring up the best strategy possible. We can evaluate the significance of these strategies through the SWOT and PEST analysis of the company (Pahl, 2013).  ·Casper has a well-developed website which is easily accessible to many clients willing and able to trade with them.  ·Casper is located in New York City which is economically and politically stable.  ·The organization has a well-established administration hierarchy.  ·The company has several able financial investors who make it possible to operate even during financial crisis   Ã‚ ·The company deals with only one line of product. It does not entail diversity.  ·Use of social media platforms to advertise and create awareness of Casper Company.  ·With more funding from the investors, Casper can expand its activities as well as structures.  ·Several competitors are diverse hence providing people with alternatives to choose from. Casper is located in the US which is a politically stable nation. The politically stable environment has provided the firm with a conducive environment to work in. The US government has set laws which help to protect the environment, as well as the consumers. This has made the organization to operate under a defined ethical framework. Operating under moral framework has assisted in building the organization’s trust and reputation hence attracting more clients (Marmol & Probert, 2015). Casper Company is located in the United States which economically stable. This means that the consumer income is high hence making it possible for them to pay for the company’s products. With globalization, so many people are moving into the US. This increasing population provides labor and market for the firm (Weaver, 2013). The US population growth rate is increasing rapidly due to globalization and the immigrants. This has lead to the rise in the number of people who rely on the company for mattresses. Sleep is among the basic needs of people which must be fulfilled. Visitors do not know which the best choices is in a foreign nation are. Therefore, having one single choice provides Casper an advantage to trade over competitors. The Casper firm has employed modern technologies in advertising and getting access to its clients. Due to multimediality which is supported by the new technologies, Casper is able to upload pictures, Videos or audio materials which will make them promote their products. Nevertheless, most people in the US have access to devices which can support internet services. These people can access the organization’s website from any place and make their orders. The financial ratios of the company are well balanced.   For instance, the liquidity ratio which is derived from the current business ratio is well off. The firm has enough liquid cash to help in running the business activities and respond to emergencies. Casper also makes huge profits. For instance, within its two years of operation, the firm had made more than one hundred US dollars. Having a balanced financial ratio is the key to the success of any business. Nevertheless, good financial statements are useful in determining the future of the company. Strategy evaluation of the Casper industry can be done through the analysis of the different financial ratios. Currently, their strategies are working well. The company has made lots of profits from the sale of mattresses (Tirole, 2012). Casper mattresses firm is well performing in the US. Its strategies are significant in achieving its objectives. There are several companies which operate online but never get to make profits like Casper (Orsburn, 2011). What might be the reason behind this? Through analyzing the Casper case study, we find out that Casper has employed more than one strategy to acquire its potential stability. For instance, providing consumers with one kind of product, therefore, making their choices easy, investing in online advertisements through their well-established website and investing in other forms of advertising in the streets like for instance in cars and billboards. From the SWOT and PEST analysis, we find out that Casper has more potential of growth. The politically and economically stable environment, the emerging new technologies and the social media all play a major role in the continuity of the company. I think the best business model employed by the firm is the elimination of the middlemen in the distribution channel. Middlemen entail the inclusion of retailers. When retailers buy goods from the manufacturers, they incur several types of costs which include transportation, purchasing, labor, the cost of hiring their premises, packaging costs and so many others. For them to compensate these expenses, they will have to sell their products at high costs. For instance, a commodity bought by a retailer from a manufacturer can reach the final consumer at a price which is almost as twice as the price the retailer bought it from the manufacturer. This scares away the consumers who will in most cases prefer to buy from the manufacturer. In fact, I can say that this is a competitive advantage Casper uses to withstand the market competition (Vance, 2015). Despite the application of the single product serving well for the company, there is a need for diversity so that in future Casper can make more profits. Casper. (2017, March 28). LIVE THE DREAM. Retrieved from Casper: https://casper.com/ Marmol, T, Feys, B., & Probert, C. (2015). PESTLE analysis. Place of publication not Pahl, N., Richter, A., & University of Applied Science Berlin. (2013). SWOT analysis: Idea, Methodology and a practical approach. Munchen: GRIN Verlag Allen, C., Kania, D., Yaeckel, B., & Allen, C. (2011). One-to-one web marketing: Build a Relationship marketing strategy one customer at a time. New York: John Wiley. Weinberg, T. (2014). The New Community Rules: Marketing on the Social Web. Sebastopol: Vance, D. E. (2015). Raising Capital. Boston, MA: Springer Science Business Media, Inc Watson, D., & Serious Investor Groups. (2015). Business models: Investing in companies and Sectors with strong competitive advantage. Petersfield [England: Harriman House Pub. Muehlhausen, J. (2013). Business Models for Dummies. Hoboken: Wiley Price, Waterhouse & Co., Price Waterhouse (Firm), Price Waterhouse (Firm)., & Price Waterhouse World Firm Services BV, Inc. (1980). Doing business in the United States. New York: Price, Waterhouse Weaver, F. S. (2013). The United States and the global economy: From Bretton Woods to the current crisis. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Orsburn, E. M. (2012). The social media business equation: Using online connections to grow your bottom line. Australia: Course Technology PTR. Campbell, D. (20116). Business Strategy. Palgrave Macmillan Tirole, J. (2012). Financial crises, liquidity, and the international monetary system. Princeton, NJ [u.a.: Princeton Univ. Press

White Paper- Software Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

White Paper- Software Testing - Essay Example This section recommends the application of alpha testing to solve the issue in question as it allows the developers to see the test software working in real time in a practical setting. The involved number of test clients should be limited when the software is not yet ready for release either commercially or for open source purposes. The online application under the alpha test is a web-server application that has been a victim of frequent hacks. As a result, the cost of maintenance has been on the rise and this has lead more time loss which would otherwise have been used developing better versions of the same application. This alpha test utilized prototypes, to test the application in its beta stage, on a weeklong correction meant to regain the faith from the users who feared that their data could be compromised. However, there were no expectations of the software’s full possession in functionality for which it was developed for and specifically for this stage. The reason is because alpha testing is normally conducted to make sure that the application is developed on all core functions and proper acceptance of input to provide output as expected without errors. Before the customers cloud receive the improved version free of security risks, the developers had to ensure that they provided sufficient improvements as pertains to robustness and sustainability. Such a final product in an application was meant to deliver a positive image for the app. This would lay a strong foundation for the beta testing to confirm acceptability. Alpha testing was chosen for the sole reason in that it handles the procedure that would meet the expectations of eliminated security risk that was easily conducted by the application developers on a test environment that was controlled to avoid losing code to external competitors who could use it for competition, maliciously.

Benefits of Illegal Immigration in the United States Research Paper

Benefits of Illegal Immigration in the United States - Research Paper Example Inversely, opposers’ shows that the American economy will suffer from the illegal immigrants since their motives of immigration into the economy are not well established. This article assesses the benefit that the American economy will gain from the illegal immigrants. The illegal immigrants play a major role in the US economy. Recent research has shown that the illegal immigrants have little skills and little education level, which makes them seek job opportunities in the low education demanding areas. This includes restaurants and hospitals where they work in the low-level departments. This contributes positively in the US economy in that the labor force needed is increased therefore reducing the need for hiring highly qualified labor force. Employing the immigrants gives the employers an opportunity to reduce the cost and retain the loyal workers in those areas that the majority of the citizens feel overqualified to work in. This means that expelling these immigrants would have a negative influence the US economy (George, 2006). In another survey conducted on the US armed forces, it show that the number of immigrants in the force totals to 60,000. This is in both the navy and army. This shows that the immigrant plays a major role in developing the economy. This is through keeping peace missions that are relevant for the economy to grow. Their efforts have been vital in the public service. The US economy has mostly been a capital-intensive economy, which has employed few people than its potential. The illegal immigrants replace this method through the provision of cheap and manual labor. This has played a major role for the immigrants themselves and the entire economy in that it leaps the benefits directly, which appears on its gross domestic product. In most of these cases, the illegal immigrants work in construction companies, meat packing industry, agriculture, and other physically or labor intensive jobs (Corwin, 2010). In a report that was done by the Washington Post, the illegal immigration has a positive benefit on the average US taxpayer. The reason is that the immigrants in the US pays more tax than the average American. This is more than they consume in the social services. Immigrants pay the federal taxes and state taxes as well as social security taxes. However, the immigrants do not get a chance to reclaim this money because they are not citizens. Averagely, this decreases the tax burden on native-born American citizens. Nonetheless, this effect varies by location, states with high immigrant populations and generous social services regularly experience a net loss in tax revenue. Most of these immigrants come to the US from most parts of the world. They bring in different cultures from their places. These immigrants have racial, cultural, and ethnic diversity, which expose the American citizens to new ideas and new ways of life. This diversity introduces the Americans to new ways of life in different sectors. This may involve areas such as cuisine, religion, language that helps to educate the Americans citizens about ways of life from the various ways of life. However, this may at first cause conflict between people of different races and ethnicity (Corwin, 2010). The US economy is seen as a positively welcoming economy due to the large numbers of immigrants that are available in the economy. This in turn attracts investors who see the economy as favorable and might bring in high

Supply and Demand Simulation Essay Example for Free

Supply and Demand Simulation Essay Supply and demand is the common sense principle which defines the generally observed relationship between demand, supply and prices: as demand increases the price goes up which attracts new suppliers who increase the supply bringing the price back to normal (Law of Supply and Demand, 2010). A surplus in the market exerts a downward pressure on price while a shortage in the market exerts an upward pressure on price. In the supply and demand simulation Goodlife has control of the apartment rental community is Atlantis. In the first year Goodlife wants to bring down the vacancy rate to about 15 percent while maximizing revenue. Goodlife must lower the cost of rent in order to lower the vacancy rate but they have to make sure they don’t lower it too much or they will decrease their revenue so they must find at what rental rate they will lower vacancy but no lose revenue. As the years go by several things affect the supply and demand of the Goodlife Company, population increase, individuals wanting long-term housing and a price ceiling. Shifts in supply and demand affect decision making by causing the company to look at how to get the greatest revenue with the changes. The supply and demand simulation went over several key points that were also part of our textbook reading such as total revenue and demand, individual and market demand, cross price elasticity and shifting supply and demand. Total revenue and demand is the ability for a company to tell whether the total revenue will go up or down when they raise or lower their prices (Colander, 2008). Individual and market demand refers to how individuals may stop buying a product due to a slight rise in cost, the market demand is influenced both by how many people drop out totally and by how much an existing consumer marginally changes his or her quantity demanded (Colander, 2008). Cross price elasticity of demand is when the price of a product goes up and it positively impacts the demand of another product. Shifting supply and demand is the ability of the company to shift supply to meet demand and maintain equilibrium. At Regence BlueCross BlueShield supply and demand affects the cost of premiums as well as the type of benefits available on plans. It is important in healthcare to figure out which benefits are sought after and what it will cost to cover those benefits, by slimming down on the benefits that are used less then they can provide benefits that individuals want at a lower cost than if they supply all benefits. One example of this is putting limitations of such benefits as chiropractic or physical therapy while increasing the benefits for preventive care. Price elasticity of demand affects the decision making of the consumer and of the organization by changing the amount of a product available as well as the price of the product. Consumers will switch products if they are unable to find the product easily or if the price is higher than a similar product. Organizations must continue to shift the supply and price of a product in order to stay competitive and still make revenue. In the simulation I learned how to maintain equilibrium with supply, demand and price while maintaining company revenue at the highest rate. Goodlife must keep changing the availability and price of the apartments in order to keep up with supply and demand and maintain revenue, one way they did this is by turning some of their apartments into condos this decreased the number of apartments available but brought in revenue in a different manner.

Culture and Globalization :: Outsourcing, Offshoring, Free Trade

"All that is solid melts into air." This quote by Karl Marx is important in understanding the relationship of modernity, postmodernity, and globalization because the one thing all three terms have in common is that they are ever-changing. The ideas of modernity and postmodernity are always changing along with time, as are the flows of globalization. I think the three terms are ever-changing because they are affected by the world we live in, which is always changing. Since the world is always changing, what is considered "modern" will never stay the same. Everyday new ideas are being thought, knowledge is being created, and new relationships are formed. As long as time keeps changing, the three terms will too. Going back to the quote before, nothing lasts forever. No one really agrees as to what modernity, postmodernity, and globalization really mean. There are various opinions on each term. The only thing people manage to agree on is that postmodernity is a reaction to modernity and that globalization connects everybody in the world in some way. In the article, "Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies," it defines modernity with four characteristics. In order for a time period to be considered "modern", it must have a dominance of secular forms of political power and authority, a monetarized exchange economy, a decline of the traditional social order, and a decline of the religious world-view. Each characteristic has to do with a change in what came before it. In order for a society to be considered "modern", it must change completely from the prior society. The ideas of Modernity can be traced back to the Enlightenment period. On page 25 in the article, "Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies," it describes the Enlightenment as "the creation of a new framework of ideas about man, society, and nature, which challenged existing conceptions rooted in a traditional world-view, dominated by Christianity." Before that time period, the only thing people were allowed to believe was what the Church told them. During the Enlightenment, people began to think rationally and have their own beliefs. The Enlightenment period began the times of progress we would enjoy to the present time. In the book, "Cosmopolis," on page 14 it says, "We were taught that this 17th century insistence on the power of rationality, along with the rejection of tradition and superstition reshaped European life and society generally.

Erikson’s psychosocial development theory Essay

Introduction As a young child, he was learning everything an independent, curious, and analytical toddler would be learning. At one and a half years of age, in his second stage of child development, he was mastering his walking skills and beginning to work on control and management. By the time he turned four he was in his next stage of development, beginning to copy what he was learning from adults, and exploring new and interesting activities. He was given the opportunity of free play and improved his sense of self-esteem. This sense of imagination and creativity would help him transition to the next stage. Finally, in the fourth stage of child development, around age seven, he was beginning to question who he really was and what his purpose and role was. He was put into social situations and was given the opportunity to interact with other children. He was Erik Erikson, and little did he know may have once lived through his own stages of psychosocial development. In this paper, I will discuss Erikson’s psychosocial development theory. His credentials and research are important to support his theory, and it is interesting to know the facts about famous theorists. I will be concentrating on stages two, three, and four as they pertain to primarily early childhood students. I will also discuss what I observed in an actual classroom and compare and contrast what I found out related to the different stages. Finally, I will mention the controversy over Erik Erikson’s theory and the evidence to support and argue the facts. Erikson developed an important theory that has helped explain human development. Erik Erikson Erik Erikson was born in 1902 in Germany. He did not start his career as a psychologist; â€Å"†¦in fact, Erikson never graduated from high school† (Woolfolk, 2007, p. 67). Erikson’s heavy interest and influences for identity were developed through his own experiences during school (Van Wagner, 2007). â€Å"Erikson spent his childhood in Germany, his adolescence wandering through Italy, and his young adulthood in Austria† (Berger, 2005, p. 35). A meeting with Sigmund Freud in Vienna led Erikson to an  interest for studying psychoanalysis (Woolfolk, 2007). According to Van Wagner (2007), Erikson earned a certificate from the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society.  Along with psychologists such as Freud, Erikson believed that crises of adult life reflect unresolved conflicts of childhood. However, his stages differed â€Å"significantly from Freud’s in that they emphasized people’s relationships to their family and culture, not only to their sexual urges† (Berger, 2005, p. 36). Through his stages, Woolfolk (2007) suggests that â€Å"Erikson offered a framework for understanding the needs of young people in relation to the society in which they grow, learn and later make their contributions† (p. 67). Each of the developmental stages confronts a person with a new task or ability that must be mastered for the best possible and most successful development (Coon, 2006). Because of this mastery, Erikson firmly believed in a psychosocial dilemma that causes problems through each stage. â€Å"A psychosocial dilemma is a conflict between personal impulses and the social world† (Coon, 2006, p. 113). The process in which the individual resolves each developmental conflict will have an impact on their self-image and view of the world (Woolfolk, 2007). Erikson identified eight different stages in the life cycle for human development (Gerrig and Zimbardo, 2005). â€Å"Erikson’s psychosocial theory emphasized the emergence of self, the search for identity, the individual’s relationships with others, and the role of culture through life† (Woolfolk, 2007, p. 67). Erikson furthered his career by moving to the United States in 1933 and accepting a teaching position at t he Harvard Medical School. As well as his new teaching position, he also developed his own private practice in child psychoanalysis (Van Wagner, 2007). After arriving in the United States, according to Berger (2005), Erikson â€Å"studied Harvard students, children at play, and Native American cultures† (p. 35). All of these different experiences helped Erikson to understand the importance of cultural diversity and significant changes that occur throughout the life cycle (Berger, 2005). According to the Erik Erikson Biography, â€Å"he utilized the knowledge he gained of cultural, environmental, and social influences to further develop his psychoanalytic theory.† Through his research, Erikson gathered  all of his information and results and published numerous books on his findings, including Childhood and Society and The Life Cycle Completed. Erikson’s book, Ghandi’s Truth, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and received a national Book Award. In addition to Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, he also added an understanding of the development of personality and how it changes throughout the l ife cycle (Van Wagner, 2007). Psychosocial Development Stages â€Å"Erikson proposed eight developmental stages covering the entire life span, each characterized by a particular challenge, or developmental crisis† (Berger, 2005, p. 36). Throughout stage one, trust versus mistrust, the main challenge of a child is the significant dependence on other people, mainly the parents. Erikson suggested that this stage was known as trust or mistrust because certain attitudes are developed at this time (Coon, 2006). After attaining the goal of stage one, the ability to trust, the child is ready to move onto stage two of development. Stage Two- Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt â€Å"Erikson’s second stage, autonomy versus shame and doubt, marks the beginning of self-control and self-confidence† (Woolfolk, 2007, p. 68). This stage occurs between the ages of eighteen months and three years. Children are either sufficient in activities including toilet training, or begin to doubt their own abilities if they are unsuccessful (Berger, 2005). The children that can complete this stage with success develop a sense of confidence and security, but those who do not succeed are left with a feeling of self-doubt (Van Wagner, 2007). â€Å"If parents do not maintain a reassuring, confident attitude and do not reinforce the child’s efforts to master basic motor and cognitive skills, children may begin to feel shame; they may learn to doubt their abilities to manage the world on their own terms† (Woolfolk, 2007, p. 68). Toddlers want to develop autonomy (also known as self-rule) over themselves and be able to control their actions. According to Erikson, the most efficient way of getting past this crisis and developing autonomy is a sense of guidance and security from parents (Berger, 2005). Overall, in stage  two, Erikson believes that if children experience too much doubt they will lack self-esteem in their abilities throughout their life. As long as the child can maintain their self-esteem and develop their sense of autonomy, they can move on to the third stage (Woolfolk, 2007). Stage Three- Initiative versus Guilt â€Å"During the third developmental stage described by Erikson, called initiative versus guilt, selfesteem emerges from the skills and competencies that demonstrate independence and initiative† (Berger, 2005, p. 237). This stage generally happens between the ages of three and six. During this stage, children move from simple activities to more complex such as developing self-control and beginning to take initiative (Coon, 2006). Woolfolk states â€Å"the challenge of this period is to maintain a zest for activity and at the same time understand that not every impulse can be acted on† (2007, p. 68). During the first years of school, children take the initiative and control their world through organizing social interactions (Van Wagner, 2007). Children want to participate in adult like activities, but are afraid of the guilt they may experience (Berger, 2005). â€Å"If children are not allowed to do things on their own, a sense of guilt may develop; they may come to bel ieve that what they want to do is always wrong† (Woolfolk, 2007, p. 68). When children play, they learn how to make plans and follow through with them. Parents should give children the freedom and opportunity to do things on their own, such as ask questions, play, and choose their own activities (Coon, 2006). Toward the end of the preschool years, children who develop that sense of trust can initiate activities both intellectual and motor, to help them learn that they can do things on their own (Gerrig and Zimbardo, 2005). According to the article entitled, Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development, â€Å"Children who are successful at this stage feel capable and able to lead others. Those who fail to acquire these skills are left with a sense of guilt, self-doubt, and lack of initiative† (Van Wagner, 2007). Many psychologists, such as Erikson, believe that guilt is a more mature and natural emotion than shame, but both shame and guilt derive from social standards. On the other hand, guilt indicates that the child has  become self-motivated (Berger, 2005). The ways that parents react to their child’s activities either encourages their sense of freedom and confidence or produces the feelings of guilt, which makes the child feel that they are doing wrong and canno t overcome this challenge to move to the next stage (Gerrig and Zimbardo, 2005). After overcoming and mastering the skill to take initiative, the child is ready to move to the fourth stage of development. Stage Four- Industry versus Inferiority The challenge for the child during their school years is what Erikson named industry versus inferiority (Woolfolk, 2007). This is the fourth stage of psychosocial development, and occurs during the early school years from approximately age five to eleven. â€Å"During the elementary school years, the child who has successfully resolved the crises of the earlier stages is ready to go beyond random exploring and testing to the systematic development of competencies† (Gerrig and Zimbardo, 2005, p. 338). During these years, children learn and develop skills that are valued by society, and their success or failure affects their feeling of competence (Coon, 2006). During this psychosocial crisis of industry versus inferiority, children work on mastering the abilities that are valued by their culture (Berger, 2005). The children can see the relationship between determination and the pleasure that comes when a job is completed (Woolfolk, 2007). Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development suggests that social interactions allow children to develop pride in their accomplishments and abilities (Van Wagner, 2007). Children learn the sense of industry if they win praise for their productive activities, and the sense of inferiority if their efforts are inadequate or unsuccessful (Coon, 2006). â€Å"Children must master new skills and work toward new goals, at the same time they are being compared to others and risking failure† (Woolfolk, 2007, p. 69). Each child judges themselves in their own way as either industrious or inferior; they look at it as either being a winner or a loser (Berger, 2005). The way that each individual child copes with their own crisis in this stage, affects the  outcomes of the rest of their school years (Woolfolk, 2007). Once again parental guidance is important. The  children that are praised by their parents develop a feeling of confidence and belief in their own abilities, but those who receive little recognition from their parents revert back to the feeling of doubt from the previous stages (Van Wagner, 2007). As children move to the adolescence stage, their cognitive processes develop more effectively and they can think theoretically and can understand the ideas of others more clearly (Woolfolk, 2007). The severity and degree to the challenges varies widely from each child, and they must learn how to cope with their challenges individually to overcome them, and move onto the next stage of development. Most of the techniques to transition to the next stage come naturally, but each child may develop them at different rates. It is important to help the child successfully overcome their challenges to help them move onto the next stage (Berger, 2005). There are four more developmental stages that help in describing the development of the psychosocial theory, and Van Wagner (2007) states that during each stage people experience a conflict or crisis that helps as a transition in the developmental process. This challenge or crisis must be met and overcome before the child can move onto the next stage. While figuring out how to conquer their own personal challenge, the child will learn skills and abilities that will help them in their development throughout the life cycle (Woolfolk, 2007). Observations When children start school, around the age of five, their cognitive abilities are developing rapidly (Woolfolk, 2007). â€Å"The elementary-school years are a child’s ‘entrance into life’† (Coon, 2006, p. 114). Children begin to process more information faster; they are moving from preoperational to concrete operational thinking. â€Å"As these internal changes progress, the children are spending hours every weekday in the new physical and social world of school† (Woolfolk, 2007, p. 69). On March 3, 2008, I visited Kasson-Mantorville Elementary School. I was in a second grade classroom and  was able to observe and analyze the children. I wanted to look for the specific actions and transitions Erik Erikson discusses in his second, third, and fourth stages of psychosocial development. Since I was in a second grade classroom I knew that I would probably see children transitioning from stage three to four, and also children already in stage four. I was first looking for the physical development of the children. By the age of six or seven most children should have the ability of grasping and controlling, which is one of the main abilities learned in stage two. I observed that most children had good control over their actions and knew what they were doing. Next, I wanted to look for the independence in each student. As Woolfolk (2007) states â€Å"the child continues to become more assertive and to take more initiative but may be too forceful, which can lead to guilty feelings† (p. 67). I looked for a student that seemed to be very talkative or participated often. I wanted to try and find patterns in their behavior. I watched one specific student for awhile, and noticed a few interesting things. First, he always wanted to participate, which signified that he w asn’t afraid to talk in front of the class. This shows that he is able to be independent and shows that he has successfully reached the goal of stage three, which is self-esteem and â€Å"self-concept, or understanding of the self† (Berger, 2005, p. 237). Lastly, I wanted to see if any student was in stage four of industry versus inferiority. Erikson suggests that social relationships and interaction become very important in this stage. Students face the challenge of learning new tasks and when accomplishing each assignment they either feel a sense of success (industry) or failure (inferiority). I noticed that if a student received a wrong answer they would cover their head in their desk or look down. On the other hand, if a student was correct, they would hold their head high and were quite proud. These observations made it easier to picture what each child goes through during each stage. Observing students in the classroom gives sufficient first-hand experience in what children act like in each stage, and being able to analyze their actions made it easier to understand. I was able to directly apply the characteristics common to each stage to specific  children, and see how each child was different from the others. It is important to remember that all children develop at different rates and some students may not be in the same stage as others. I looked for common characteristics and  behaviors to compare, and found it very helpful in my research to link the qualities with the specific stages. Controversy Erikson’s research and development of his psychosocial theory has sparked controversy over the years. There have been specific questions about his theory regarding the issues of the identity and intimacy, and how they intertwine in the development of a person. â€Å"Erikson’s work helped start the lifespan development approach, and his theories have been especially useful in understanding adolescence. But feminists have criticized this notion that identity precedes intimacy, because their research indicates that for women, identity achievement is fused with achieving intimacy† (Woolfolk, 2007, p. 72). Erikson did not believe in the intimacy part of development in young children, unlike other psychologists such as Sigmund Freud. Erikson believed that the main part of each stage was a developmental crisis, while Freud on the other hand believed in the sexual impulses each person experienced. There are different opinions and perspectives on human development, and ea ch theorist has a different approach in figuring out the best way to describe the human life cycle. There are more positive observations on Erikson’s theory than there are negative. Most of the negative responses can be outweighed by positive remarks. One of the main concerns with people that disagree with Erikson is the developmental crisis aspect. According to the article entitled Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory (2007), the challenges and conflicts in each stage are not clearly defined. This article also suggests that the challenges in each stage may overlap and that could cause confusion in determining which stage a child may be in. On the other hand, Erikson suggests that these challenges must be achieved progressively and cannot be  overcome in one day. There are disagreements with every theory and each theorist has their own way of proving its truth. Erikson believed that the crises were not determined by age, rather the achievement of the abilities that must be mastered in each stage (Chapman, 2007). Conclusion All in all, the psychosocial development theory created by psychologist Erik Erikson, has been helpful in trying to figure out the process of the human life cycle. Erikson’s background was important in that his own personal experiences influenced him, and sparked the interest of human development and identity. Being influenced by Freud, he was able to compare and contrast his own theory to Freud’s, and give reasons why he thought his stages of development were more accurate. In Erikson’s eight stages, primarily stages two, three, and four, concentrate on the years of early childhood. These stages are crucial for the development of a child while going through many changes, such as beginning school and becoming more independent. The second stage of autonomy versus shame/doubt, from the age of eighteen months to three years, is when the child develops self-esteem and confidence. After mastering these skills the child progresses to stage three, (age three to six year s) initiative versus guilt, and begins to develop a sense of independence. Finally between the age of five and eleven and in stage four, industry versus inferiority, the child is met with social interactions and learns the abilities valued by society. These three stages are important in a child during their early years of life. By observing an actual classroom setting, I was able to apply the abilities described in each stage and analyze how the children acted. I noticed common patterns and behaviors that were described in each of the three stages, and thought it was very helpful to see the children in an actual classroom setting at work. There were some differences from Erikson’s theory to the way the children acted. As with any theory, there are controversies that need to be researched. Erikson’s theory has been questioned on why there isn’t a place for intimacy in the stages, but his stages are set up to evolve the identity. There is also the question of the clearly defined transition from each crisis. Erikson concludes that  one c annot transition from one crisis to the next in one day. The change of stages must be gradual with the mastering of specific abilities. Erik Erikson believed that his stages of psychosocial development would help people understand the changes each child goes through. He labeled each phase according to the characteristics and behaviors the child exhibits around a certain age. With his theory, people can begin to understand what children go through during their first few years of development. I believe that Erikson created an efficient theory for people to analyze and observe in children to determine how they develop. I think that this theory, along with any other theory, gives an alternate view on the development of a human, and how they develop and master the abilities learned throughout life. References Berger, K. S., (2005). The developing person through the life span. New York, NY: Catherine Woods. Chapman, A. (2006-7). Erikson’s psychosocial development theory. Retrieved March 16, 2008, from http://www.businessballs.com/erik_erikson_psychosocial_theory.htm#freud’s_psychose xual_stages. Coon, D. (2006). Psychology: A journey. Mason, OH: Thomson Wadsworth. Gerrig, R. J., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2005). Psychology and life. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Van Wagner, K. (2007). Erik Erikson biography. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_erikson.htm. Van Wagner, K. (2007). Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Retrieved February 23, 2008, from http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/psychosocial.htm. Woolfolk, A. (2007). Educational psychology. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.

Environmental Science and Human Populations Worksheet Essay

Using the textbooks, the University Library, or other resources, answer each of the following questions in 100 to 200 words. 1. What would you include in a brief summary on the history of the modern environmental movement, from the 1960s to the present? Rachel Carson, an author, brought to light the harm in using a pesticide called DDT. The pesticide was sprayed to control Dutch elm disease, a fungus that kills trees. The pesticide accidentally killed birds and other wildlife in the process.In 1969 the Environmental Policy Act was passed by Congress. Shortly after that President Nixon recommended the creation of an agency named the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 1970 the Clean Air Act was passed, in 1972 the Marine Mammals Protection Act was inducted, and the Endangered Species Act was passed in 1973. In 1974 the Safe Drinking Water Act was passed and the Superfund Act was passed in 1980 as a result of a hazardous waste problem in New York. 2. Explain the primary concern over exponential population growth. What promotes exponential population growth? What constrains exponential population growth? The primary concerns for the exponential population growth is how to feed, clothe, house, and support the growing population with gainful employment. Economic growth between and within countries is extremely unequal hindering the overall progress.The promotion of exponential population growth can be done with advances in education, health care, and more freedom and opportunities for women. Exponential population growth is constrained by the abuse and overexploitation of ecosystem resources. This can be improved by provisioning, goods obtained from ecosystems; regulating, services obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes; and cultural, nonmaterial benefits from ecosystems. 3. What is carrying capacity? Compare predictions for human population growth in developed countries versus developing countries. What will occur if carrying capacity is exceeded? Carrying capacity is the population that can be supported indefinitely by an ecosystem without destroying that ecosystem. According to our textbook, policies and actions that reduce infant mortality increase the availability of family planning. Thus improving air quality, providing abundant and pure water, and preserving and protecting natural ecosystems. It will also reduce the erosion of the soil, reduces the release of toxic chemicals to the environment, and would restore health coastal fisheries which all move that society in a positive direction: a sustainable future. Exceeding the carrying capacity is detrimental in many ways. The world is already using a substantial amount of fossil fuels thus emitting more carbon dioxide. Society would not be able to sustain natural resources. Food and water supplies would be diminished or tainted. Disease and famine could also spread faster without cures or medicines to control them. 4. How do individual choices affect natural ecosystem? Provide examples from your personal or community experience. We as individuals have exponential power to support and help the ecosystem. Cultivating your own food is a great start. Growing up my family always planted a garden. We grew a multitude of vegetables including corn, potatoes, onions, and peppers. What we didn’t use right away we canned or froze so that we would have vegetables year round. I have other family members that raise cows, chickens, and pigs for food. Being able to provide your own food source is self-reliability but it is all organic; no fertilizers or pesticides. Other ways to help the natural ecosystem is by recycling; this would decrease the harvesting of other natural resources. Using alternate transportation such as bicycles, electronic cars, and hybrid cars will help diminish the use of fossil fuels that emit carbon dioxide.

The eNotes Blog Do It Now Advice from Doris Lessing and Junie B.Jones

Do It Now Advice from Doris Lessing and Junie B.Jones The world lost two influential literary voices this week.  Nobel Prize-winning author Doris Lessing, best known for her novel The Golden Notebook,  Ã‚  passed away Sunday at age 94.  Ã‚  And Barbara Park, author of the beloved childrens books featuring her irascible character  Junie B. Jones, died Friday after a long battle with ovarian cancer.   Park was 66. While it may not seem that these two very different authors have a lot in common, what Park and Lessing shared was a love of vocal women as well as sense of appreciation for life and its transient nature. Park captured what few writers for children manage to do successfully: the energy and curiosity of a girl with a questioning mind.   For her part, Lessing was always adjusting the lens.   As we get older, the clarity of a Junie B. Jones is harder to maintain, but Lessing asks us to remember, and to seek the authentic in an often exhausting world. I wonder what Junie B. and Lessing might have to say to each other: Lessing:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Whatever youre meant to do, do it now. The conditions are always impossible.†Ã‚   Junie B:   Sometimes when Im noisy, she [the teacher] claps her loud hands at me.  It used to scare me very much. Only then I got used to it. And now I dont even pay it any attention. Lessing:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I am a person who continually destroys the possibilities of a future because of the numbers of alternative viewpoints I can focus on the present.† Junie B.:   Another grandma came in. And she runned over to that Jim I hate. And she tried to hug him very tight. Only that mean Jim just kept on standing there. And he didnt even hug her back. I tapped on her. I will hug you, I said. And so then me and her hugged real tight. I hate your grandboy, I said very sweet. Lessing:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"As you get older, you dont get wiser. You get irritable.† Junie B.: â€Å"Our nannas are losers.† Lessing:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"That is what learning is. You suddenly understand something youve understood all your life, but in a new way.† Junie B.:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I dont even  like  clowns. Clowns are not normal people.† Lessing:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Whats terrible is to pretend that second-rate is first-rate. To pretend that you dont need love when you do; or you like your work when you know quite well youre capable of better.† Junie B.: Do you have the rich kind of house? Or the regular kind of house? I asked her. Cause I just have the regular kind of house. Except for mother wants the rich kind. Only daddy said lotsa luck. Lessing:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Laughter is by definition healthy.† Junie B.:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A little glitter can turn your whole day around.†

The Strauss Car Rental Company. Reward management strategy Essay

The Strauss Car Rental Company. Reward management strategy - Essay Example In addition, it does not appear that a viable reward management system can be established by the human resources department, which is supposed to be in charge of matters concerning the treatment of workers, before changes are made in terms of communication between the senior management and ordinary workers. Kevin Pietersen, who has been in charge of the human resources department at Strauss, has not been emphatic in insisting that the company’s Board begin to consider the human resources company as a serious contributor to the goals of the company. From the information provided, human resources officials are not even invited to any meetings held by the board in which members consider serious issues and decide on regulations that will be followed in the organisation. For instance, the Strauss Car Rental’s Board is seriously considering redundancy programs and yet has not even elected to let the human resource department, which will be tasked with carrying out the practical aspects of this suggestion, know about the suggestion. Additionally, none of the workers have been informed about this, yet their lives will be irrevocably changed once this program is implemented. Kevin Pietersen, who runs the human resources department, also confirmed that the Board has decided on implementing plans without consulting the workforce, or the human resources department.

Darden Restaurants Company Deversity, Recruitment, Benefits Coursework

Darden Restaurants Company Deversity, Recruitment, Benefits - Coursework Example It also supports the diversity organizations in the community that includes African-American, Asians, Hispanics, Women, and the GLBT community (Darden Concepts, Inc. 1). Darden promotes the diversity of its workforce and suppliers by implementing various programs that include workforce diversity, supplier diversity, and diversity outreach (Darden Concepts, Inc. 1). The diversity in the company enables employees to maximize their full capacity. Profiles in Diversity Journal wrote the article, â€Å"Darden Restaurants–News Brief (Jan/Feb 2014)† in 2014. The article states that Darden Restaurants scored 100 % on the Human Rights Campaign 2014 Corporate Equality Index subject to its business practices and policies toward its LGBT employees (Profiles in Diversity Journal 1). The article quotes Darden’s senior vice president of culture who asserts that diversity and inclusion form the company’s success and future growth basis. The senior vice president of culture notes that Darden Restaurants embraces diversity to enrich the company’s corporate culture and enhance its performance. The article traces the company’s history of diversity policies to the acts of its founder. Indeed, in welcoming people in his first restaurant, during the time of racial segregation and discrimination, Bill Darden sent invites to diverse people (Profiles in Diversity Journal 1). Ultimately, the article states that Darden promotes the diversity of its workforce, suppliers and local communities by adopting diversity at the core of its culture (Profiles in Diversity Journal 1). Darden Restaurants employs more than 180,000 people in various restaurants (Darden Concepts, Inc. 1). Most employees working at Darden Restaurants have a passion for culinary excellence and loves hospitality (Great Rated 1). In hiring its employees, the company adores diversity by considering race,